qspec.gamma_3d  (  v ,  axis = -1  )[source]

Parameters:

varray_like

The velocity 3-vector (m/s).

axisNone

The axis along which the vector components are aligned.

Returns:

outarray_like

The time-dilation/Lorentz factor corresponding to the velocity vector v.

Raises:

ValueError

v must have 3 components along the specified axis.