qspec.gamma_3d  (  v ,  axis = -1  )[source]

The time-dilation/Lorentz factor $$ \gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - (\vec{v}/ c)^2}}, $$ with the vacuum speed of light $c$ and the velocity vector $\vec{v}$.

Parameters:

varray_like

The velocity 3-vector $\vec{v}$. Must have size 3 in the specified axis (m/s).

axisint

The axis along which the vector components are aligned.

Returns:

gammandarray

The time-dilation/Lorentz factor $\gamma$ corresponding to the velocity vector v.

Raises:

ValueError

v must have 3 components along the specified axis.